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Choosing the Number of Arbitrators: One or Three?

A sole arbitrator is faster and cheaper. A three-member tribunal spreads risk on a high-value or technically complex dispute. Here is how to decide.

Published
28 Sep 2026
Read time
1 min read
Seat
Chennai

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 lets parties fix the number of arbitrators by agreement, provided it is not an even number. Most commercial contracts choose between one and three.

A sole arbitrator suits disputes of modest value, straightforward facts, or where speed and cost matter more than having multiple perspectives on the bench. A three-member tribunal — typically one nominee from each side and a presiding arbitrator agreed between them or the appointing institution — suits high-value, technically dense, or multi-issue disputes where a single decision-maker carries more risk.

Whichever you choose, say so expressly in the clause. Leaving the number unstated invites disagreement about the tribunal's composition at the exact moment a dispute has already arisen and cooperation is hardest to get.

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